The Ark of the Covenant (Aron HaChodesh) is described in Deuteronomy 25:10-22. It was constructed - upon G-d's orders and instructions - as a vessel in which to store the Ten Statements (Exodus 25:10-22). The Ark was used in the Tabernacle and then the Temple. The location of the Ark is not known at this time. However, there is a belief that the Ark is underneath the Temple Mount.

The Aron Chodesh is an ornamental closet used to store the Torah Scrolls in a synagogue. When possible, the Aron Chodesh is located on the wall closest to Jerusalem (in North America - the eastern wall).

The Bimah is a table placed in the center or front of the synagogue. The Bimah is generally located in the center of the room in Orthodox synagogues and generally in the front of the room in non-Orthodox synagogues. The Sefer Torah is placed on this table while being publicly read. The bimah is also used by the rabbi or lay leader when reciting prayers.

The Chair of Elijah is used in the celebration of a ritual circumcision (bris). According to Jewish tradition, the Prophet Elijah will be present at each bris. Accordingly, a "chair" is used on which the Sandek (the "godfather" who holds the child during the bris) sits on the left side and the right side is left for Elijah to sit and observe the bris.

The Challah, described in Numbers 15:17-22, a braided bread eaten during the Shabbat meals and often during many other festive meals. Challah actually refers to the small piece of dough that is separated from the dough before braiding in accordance with Jewish law.

The Challah Cover is used in Jewish homes every Friday as part of the ritual of welcoming the Shabbat. The Challah cover covers the Challah until sundown, when Shabbat begins. The challah remains covered, either by a napkin or by a special Challah cover. At the beginning of the Kiddush, the blessing over the wine, and everyone drinks from the Kiddush cup. After that, Hamotzi - the blessing over the Challah - is said and the Challah cover is removed and the Challah is passed around so everyone may break of a piece to eat.

The Chanukiah (also known as the Chanukah Menorah) holds nine candles: one for each night of Chanukah, plus a shamus (servant) at a different height. On the first night, one candle is placed at the far right. The shamus candle is lit and three blessings are recited: l'hadlik neir (a general prayer over candles), she-asah nisim (a prayer thanking G-d for performing miracles for our ancestors at this time), and she-hekhianu (a general prayer thanking G-d for allowing us to reach this time of year). After reciting the blessings, the first candle is then lit using the shamus candle, and the shamus candle is placed in its holder. The candles are allowed to burn out on their own after a minimum of 1/2 hour. Each night, another candle is added from right to left. Candles are lit from left to right (because you pay honor to the newer thing first). On the eighth night, all nine candles (the 8 Chanukah candles and the shamus) are lit.

The Choshen is the breastplate, first worn by the High Priest Aaron, and subsequently worn by every High Priest in the Temple. It is described in Exodus 28:15-30 as containing four rows of three stones each which carry the names of the twelve tribes. It was also a place for the Kohen Gadol (high priest) to carry the Urim and Thummim. The Choshen was attached to the Ephod, by gold chains/cords tied to the gold rings on the Ephod's shoulder straps, and by blue ribbon tied to the gold rings at the lower parts of the Ephod. The biblical description states that the Choshen was also to be made from the same material as the Ephod - embroidered linen - and was to be a square, a cubit in width, two layers thick, and with four rows of three engraved gems each embedded upon it, each jewel being framed in gold.

The Chumash is the Sefer Torah (first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures)  in book form. The chumash is used during daily Torah study and following along while the Torah Scroll is read.

The Chuppah is a Jewish wedding canopy that consists of a cloth or Tallit stretched over four poles. The chuppah symbolizes the home the married couple will build together.

The Dreidle is a four-sided top used in a game on Chanukah. Outside Israel, it is marked with four Hebrew letters: Nun, Gimmel, Hey and Shin. This stands for the Hebrew phrase "nes gadol hayah sham", a great miracle happened there. In Israel, it is marked with the letters Nun, Gimmel, Hey, and Pey. This stand for “nes gadol hayah poh”, a great miracle happened here. During the game, the letters stand for the Yiddish words nit (nothing), gantz (all), halb (half) and shtell (put), which are the rules of the game. There are some variations in the way people play the game, generally everyone puts a coin in the pot and then a person spins the dreidel. On Nun, nothing happens; on Gimmel, you get the whole pot; on Hey, you get half of the pot; and on Shin (or Pey), you put one in. When the pot is empty, everybody puts one in. Keep playing until one person has everything.

The Etrog is the yellow citron used by Jews on the week-long holiday of Sukkot. The lulav (four species) is held separately and with the etrog in hand, one recites a blessing and waves the species in all six directions (east, south, west, north, up and down, symbolizing the fact that G-d is everywhere).

The Grogger is a noise-make used during the reading of Megillah Esther during Purim to blot out Haman's name.

The Haggadah is a book containing the order of the Pesach Seder.

The Havadlah Candle is a multi-wick, braided candle use during the havdalah service ending Shabbat.

The Havdalah Spice Holder is a container used to hold the spices during the havdalah service ending Shabbat.

The Ketubah is a Jewish marriage contract traditionally written in Aramaic. The groom pledges to provide food, clothing, and companionship to his bride as well as a specific amount of money he will leave her in case of divorce.

The Kiddush Cup is a cup used during Kiddush (blessing over wine) on Shabbat and some holidays.

The Kippah (Yarmulke) ,the most commonly known and recognized piece of Jewish garb, is actually the one with the least religious significance. The word yarmulke is Yiddish. The Hebrew word for this head covering is kippah. There is no special significance to the yarmulke as a specific type of head covering. It is an ancient custom (not a mitzvot) for Jews to cover their heads during prayer. Covering the head during prayer shows respect for G-d at the same time that it show that we are servants of G-d and as a reminder that G-d is always above us.

The Kittel is a white robe worn by men during their weddings, Yom Kippur, and Pesach. A pious person is usually buried in the kittel he wore during his lifetime at the festivities.

The Lulav is the combination "four species" (Leviticus 23:40) used during Sukkot. The four species in question are a palm branch (in Hebrew, lulav), two willow branches (arava) and three myrtle branches (hadas). The six branches are bound together and referred to collectively as the lulav. The etrog (a citron) is held separately. With these four species in hand, one recites a blessing and waves the species in all six directions (east, south, west, north, up and down, symbolizing the fact that G-d is everywhere).

The Machzor is the prayer book used during the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashannah and Yom Kippur.

The Matzah is unleavened bread (Leviticus 23:6) eaten during Pesach (Passover).

The Megillah is a scroll used during readings on certain holidays. Megillah Kohelet (Ecclesiastes) is read on Sukkot. Megillah Ester (Esther) is read on Purim. Megillah Eichah (Lamentations) is read on Tish B'Av. Megillah Rut (Ruth) on Shavuot. Megillah Shir HaShirim (Song of Songs) is read on Pesach (Passover).

The Menorah is a seven-branched candelabrum constructed - upon G-d's orders and instructions - for use in the Tabernacle and later for use in the Temple (Exodus 25:31-40). The lights of the menorah burned in the Temple until it's destruction. This is the menorah referred to in the Chanukah story. Symbolically the menorah represented the creation of the universe in seven days, the center light symbolizing the Sabbath. The seven branches are the seven continents of the earth and the seven heavens, guided by the light of G-d.

The Mezuzah (Hebrew for doorposts) is a container which is placed on the the doorposts of traditional Jewish homes. The mezuzah is not, as some suppose, a good-luck charm, nor does it have any connection with the lamb's blood placed on the doorposts in Egypt. Rather, it is a constant reminder of G-d's presence and G-d's mitzvot. The mitzvah to place mezuzot on the doorposts of our houses is derived from Deuteronomy 6:4-9, a passage commonly known as the Shema (Hear, from the first word of the passage). In that passage, G-d commands us to keep His words constantly in our minds and in our hearts, by writing them on the doorposts of our house. The words of the Shema are written on a tiny scroll (Mezuzah Scroll) of parchment, along with the words of a companion passage, Deuteronomy 11:13-21. On the back of the scroll, a name of G-d is written. The scroll is then rolled up placed in the case, so that the first letter of the Name (the letter Shin) is visible (or the letter Shin is written on the outside of the case). The scroll must be handwritten in a special style of writing by a scribe on a kosher paper and must be placed in the case to fulfill the mitzvah. The case and scroll are then nailed or affixed to the right side doorpost on an angle, with a small ceremony called Chanukkat Ha-Bayit (dedication of the house). A brief blessing is recited. Every time you pass through a door with a mezuzah on it, you touch the mezuzah and then kiss the fingers that touched it, expressing love and respect for G-d and his mitzvot and reminding yourself of the mitzvot contained within them. It is proper to remove a mezuzah when you move, and in fact, it is usually recommended. If you leave it in place, the subsequent owner may treat it with disrespect, and this is a grave sin.

The Mikveh is a total immersive ritual purification bath. The mikveh is used by women after their menstrual period or childbirth and before their weddings. Men use the mikveh to become ritually pure before Shabbat and other Jewish holidays and before their weddings. Both men and women immerse themselves in a mikveh before Yom Kippur, to complete a conversion process, before ascending to Har Habayit (Temple Mount), and kashering (preparing the products to be used in a kosher kitchen) their utensils and pot/pans.

The Ner Tamid (eternal light) hangs in front of the ark where the Torah scrolls are kept in the synagogue. It is a reminder of the menorah in the Temple as well as a remembrance of the burning incense in front of the Aron HaChodesh in the Temple.

The Shofar (Leviticus 23:24) is a ram's horn which is blown somewhat like a trumpet. One of the most important observances of Rosh Hashanah is hearing the sounding of the shofar in the synagogue. A total of 100 notes are sounded each day. There are four different types of shofar notes: tekiah, a 3 second sustained note; shevarim, three 1-second notes rising in tone, teruah, a series of short, staccato notes extending over a period of about 3 seconds; and tekiah gedolah (literally, "big tekiah"), the final blast in a set, which lasts 10 seconds minimum. The shofar is not blown if the holiday falls on Shabbat.

The Seder Plate is a special plate containing symbolic foods used during the Passover Seder. Each of the six items arranged on the plate has special significance to the retelling of the story of the Exodus from Egypt, which is the focus of this ritual meal.

The Siddur is the Jewish prayer book.

The Sukkah is a temporary structure, described in Leviticus 23:42, used during Sukkot. It must have at least three walls covered with a material that will not blow away in the wind. A sukkah may be any size, so long as it is large enough for you to fulfill the commandment of dwelling in it. The roof of the sukkah must be made of material referred to as sekhakh (literally, covering). To fulfill the commandment, sekhakh must be something that grew from the ground and was cut off, such as tree branches, corn stalks, bamboo reeds, sticks, or two-by-fours. Sekhakh must be left loose, not tied together or tied down. Sekhakh must be placed sparsely enough that rain can get in, and preferably sparsely enough that the stars can be seen, but not so sparsely that more than ten inches is open at any point or that there is more light than shade.

The Tabernacle (Mishkan in Hebrew) is described in Exodus chapters 25-31 and 35-40. The Tabernacle was the portable dwelling place for the Shekhinah (G-d's presence) from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan. Built to specifications revealed by G-d to Moses at Mount Sinai, it accompanied the Israelites on their wanderings in the wilderness and their conquest of the Promised Land.

The Tallit is a prayer shawl with tztitzits on all four corners warn by religous Jews (men in Orthodoxy and some women in non-Orthodox sects) during morning prayer services.

The Talmud is a basis of Jewish Law. The Talmud consists of the Mishnah (Oral Torah) and Gemara. The Written and Oral Torahs was handed down through the successive generations from the time of Moses. The Talmud is studied daily by religious males (and some females).

The Tefillin are two leather boxes containing four passages of the Torah that refer to the Tefillin (Exodus 13:1-10,11-16; Deuteronomy 6:4-8, 11:13-21). They are warn by religous Jews (men in Orthodoxy and some women in non-Orthodox sects) during morning prayer services. The Shema commands Jews to bind the words to our hands and between our eyes. This is accomplished by laying tefillin (phylacteries), binding to our arms and foreheads a leather pouch containing scrolls of Torah passages. The word "tefillin" is usually translated "phylacteries". The word "tefillin" is etymologically related to the word "tefilah" (prayer) and the root word for judgment. Like the mezuzah, tefillin are meant to remind us of G-d's mitzvot. At weekday morning services, one case is tied to the arm, with the scrolls at the biceps and leather straps extending down the arm to the hand, then another case is tied to the head, with the case on the forehead and the straps hanging down over the shoulders. Appropriate blessings are recited during this process. The tefillin are removed at the conclusion of the morning services.

The Tehillim are Psalms written by King David. The Tehillim are said every day during prayers, during times of dispair and grief, while attending to the body of a Jew who has recently died (until the burial), and during times of trouble - such as physical danger and poverty.

The Tikkun is a book that contains two columns - one column contains a printed text of the Torah, with vowels and trop (cantillation) marks and the other column is a photographic reproduction of the same text from a hand-written Sefer Torah (Torah Scroll). Some Tikkun have an opposing page that has a translation and notes of the Hebrew text.

The Torah Scroll [Ashkenazic Torah Scroll] [Sephardic Torah Scroll] (also known as the Sefer Torah - Scroll of the Law) is the Five Books of Moses (Chumash in book form) written on parchment made from a kosher animal. The Sefer Torah is hand-written by a specially trained scribe (sofer) according to exacting ritual. The Sefer Torah is the text used in the synagogue for the public reading of the Torah. The Torah in a book form is know as a Chumash.

The Tzedakah Box comes in a variety of styles, from hand-made paper to professionally glass-blown "boxes". According to Deuteronomy 15:9-11, Jews are to care for those less fortunate. It is a tradition to place money in the tzedakah box before Shabbat begins.

The Tzitzit are braided threads worn by religous Jews (men in Orthodoxy and some women in non-Orthodox sects) on Tallit during morning prayer services and throughout the day on Tallit Katan. The Torah (Numbers 15:37-41) commands Jews to wear tzizit (fringes) at the corners of our garments as a reminder of the mitzvot. The mitzvah to wear tzizit only applies to four-cornered garments, which were common in biblical times but are not common anymore. Observant Jewish men (and women in non-Orthodox Judaism) commonly wear a special four-cornered garment, called a tallit katan ("little tallit"), in addition to the Tallis during morning services. This permits them to fulfill this important mitzvah all day long. The tallit katan is worn under the shirt, with the tzizit hanging out so they can be seen.

The Yad is a pointer used when reading the Torah Scroll. A yad is generally made from silver and is a long, slender tube with a hand with a pointed index finger at the end.

The Yartzeit Candle is a candle used to mark the anniversary (yartzeit) of a person.